Up@dawn 2.0

Wednesday, April 18, 2018

April Exam Study Guide


NG 4-5
1. For the overwhelming majority of Enlightenment philosophers and all of the American founders, the important questions were about what?
2.What was the presiding deity of the American Revolution?
3. What consensus view of America's philosophical history did Carl Becker articulate?
4. Who "raised Giordano Bruno from the ashes..." and what was his "game"?
5. Why did Spinoza and Locke insist that we may know of God?
6. What Spinozistic (and possibly Lockean) view of God and nature did Bruno anticipate?
7. Why, according to Spinoza, do "the mass of men believe they are free"?
8. What was Epicurus's "most problematic doctrine"?
9. How did Alexander Pope "track" Spinoza on our perception of evil?
10. What does Locke's conclusion that "God is a thinking thing" mean, in comparison with Spinoza's view?
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11. What was Ethan Allen's vision of the hereafter?
12. What was a common saying about doctors and atheists, in the Middle Ages?
13. What definitive teaching of the radical (Enlightenment) philosophy revolutionized the early modern world?
14. How have human beings made themselves special?
15. Where does the common conception of religion really begin?
16. Belief is a matter of _____, not ____.
17. What purely-Spinozistic implications follow from Locke's most famous slogan in his Essay?
18. When did Hume give up on supernatural religion?
19. Where, according to Spinoza, is mind?
20. What fundamental Spinozistic idea does Locke "float" in the fourth book of his Essay?

NG 6
1. Who played good cop to Thomas Young's bad, in November 1773?
2. What did Young's accusers suppose too obvious to need proving?
3. In the common conception of morality, what is nihilism?
4. In the "immanent" conception of morality, what is the relation between nihilism and religion?
5. What was Locke's Epicurean statement of what we all seek?
6. What was Jefferson's summum bonum, and his "trinity"?
7. What historical irony does Stewart note in Locke's discussion of happiness?
8. Why does Stewart say the radical philosophy is not properly or exclusively a humanism? (To what is it closer?)
9. What was Spinoza's, Hume's, Machiavelli's, and others' charge against Christianity's concern for otherworldly salvation?
10. What balance did Jefferson seek between Head and Heart?
11. What is the meaning of "God's love" and "Holy Spirit," in Spinoza's account?
12. When did "the virtuous atheist" first appear in America, and what was virtuous atheism's "most notorious eruption"?

NG 7
1. What term of political praise was counted as an insult through most of human history?
2. What is Liberalism's principal claim?
3. What did Jefferson consider the new constitutions' foundation?
4. The most influential and misunderstood theorist of natural equality was who?
5. What made the Enlightenment such a revolutionary force in human history?
6. What did John Adams scornfully call Thomas Young and his "gang"?
7. For what did Thomas Paine express his contempt when confronted by Adams?
8. How do deists' laws of nature differ from theologians'?
9. What kind of state is Spinoza's state of nature?
10. What kind of state may be called an Empire of Reason?
11. In what will "all good and wise men" exert themselves, according to Ethan Allen?

NG 8
1. According to a widely accepted view, the Enlightenment overestimates what?
2. What kind of approach to religion has probably never been attempted?
3. What, for Bruno and Spinoza, was the value of parables and prophecies?
4. Scripture is instruction for whom, for Locke?
5. What's conspicuously absent from Spinoza's popular religion?
6. To what can the relationship between popular and philosophical deism be conpared?
7. What did John Toland say about talking and thinking?
8. John Adams wavered between thinking the world either the best, or a hell, without what?
9. What, for Spinoza, made Jesus great?
10. Who did better than Jesus in moral philosophy, according to Bolingbroke?
11. When did Jefferson first begin to create his Bible?
12. What's "the safest way to protect a state," for Spinoza?
13. Popular deism's distinctive commitment was to what?
14. The main thing we can learn now, from the persistence of supernatural religion and reactionary nationalism, is what?

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